Climate Change Is Evidenced By Which Of The Following Features?

This graph, based on the comparison of atmospheric samples contained in ancient ice cores and more recent direct measurements, provides evidence that atmospheric CO2 has increased dramatically since the Industrial Revolution compared to paleoclimatologic (past climate) measurements over the past 800,000 years.. (Source: [[LINK||http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/icecore/||NOAA]]) — This graph, based on the comparison of atmospheric samples contained in ancient water ice cores and more than recent direct measurements, provides evidence that atmospheric CO₂ has increased dramatically since the Industrial Revolution compared to paleoclimatologic (past climate) measurements over the past 800,000 years. (Credit: Luthi, D., et al.. 2008; Etheridge, D.M., et al. 2010; Vostok water ice core data/J.R. Petit et al.; NOAA Mauna Loa CO₂ tape.) Find out more about ice cores (external site).

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In Brief:

Direct observations fabricated on and above Earth's surface evidence the planet's climate is significantly irresolute. Human activities are the main commuter of those changes.

Globe'south climate has changed throughout history. Just in the final 650,000 years there take been seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat, with the abrupt end of the last ice historic period nigh 11,700 years agone marking the beginning of the modern climate era — and of human being civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very modest variations in Earth'southward orbit that change the amount of solar energy our planet receives.

Scientific bear witness for warming of the climate system is unequivocal.

The electric current warming trend is of particular significance because it is unequivocally the result of human action since the mid-twenty^th century and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented over millennia.¹It is undeniable that human activities have warmed the temper, ocean, and land and that widespread and rapid changes in the temper, ocean, cryosphere, and biosphere have occurred.

World-orbiting satellites and other technological advances take enabled scientists to see the big picture, collecting many unlike types of data about our planet and its climate on a global calibration. This body of data, collected over many years, reveals the signals of a changing climate.

The heat-trapping nature of carbon dioxide and other gases was demonstrated in the mid-19th century.² Their ability to affect the transfer of infrared energy through the temper is the scientific footing of many instruments flown past NASA. There is no question that increased levels of greenhouse gases must crusade Earth to warm in response.

Ice cores drawn from Greenland, Antarctica, and tropical mountain glaciers testify that Earth's climate responds to changes in greenhouse gas levels. Ancient prove tin likewise be found in tree rings, ocean sediments, coral reefs, and layers of sedimentary rocks. This ancient, or paleoclimate, evidence reveals that electric current warming is occurring roughly ten times faster than the average rate of ice-age-recovery warming. Carbon dioxide from human activity is increasing more than than 250 times faster than information technology did from natural sources after the last Ice Age.³

The bear witness for rapid climatic change is compelling:

Global Temperature Rise

The planet'due south average surface temperature has risen most ii degrees Fahrenheit (1 degrees Celsius) since the belatedly 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide emissions into the temper and other man activities.^iv Virtually of the warming occurred in the past xl years, with the seven most recent years being the warmest. The years 2016 and 2020 are tied for the warmest year on tape. ^five

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An indicator of current global average temperature as measured by NASA; updated annually.
An overview of the greenhouse effect and other contributors to abrupt climate change.
A visualization of global temperature changes since 1880 based on NASA GISS data.

Warming Bounding main

The ocean has absorbed much of this increased heat, with the tiptop 100 meters (most 328 feet) of sea showing warming of more than 0.vi degrees Fahrenheit (0.33 degrees Celsius) since 1969.⁶ Earth stores 90% of the extra energy in the body of water.

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An overview of the ocean's part in climate alter and how it stores and releases heat from the atmosphere.
A lighthearted look at the issue of climate change on the world'south ocean and the rut chapters of water.
Warming ocean waters melting the undersides of Antarctic ice shelves, leading to calving increases at the ice fronts, are responsible for most of the continent's ice shelf mass loss, a study past NASA and university researchers plant. Ice lost from the water ice sheets' margins far exceed whatsoever gains in the interiors.

Shrinking Ice Sheets

The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets take decreased in mass. Data from NASA'southward Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment bear witness Greenland lost an average of 279 billion tons of water ice per twelvemonth between 1993 and 2019, while Antarctica lost almost 148 billion tons of ice per year.^seven

Image: Flowing meltwater from the Greenland water ice sheet

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An indicator of the current volume and the Antarctica and Greenland water ice sheets using information from NASA'due south Grace satellite.
An interactive exploration of how global warming is affecting sea ice, glaciers, and continental ice sheets world wide.

Glacial Retreat

Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world — including in the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska, and Africa.^eight

Image: The disappearing snowcap of Mountain Kilimanjaro, from space.

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An interactive exploration of how global warming is affecting sea ice, glaciers, and continental water ice sheets worldwide.

Decreased Snow Comprehend

Satellite observations reveal that the amount of leap snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere has decreased over the by five decades and the snow is melting before.^ix

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As an information and referral eye in back up of polar and cryospheric research, NSIDC archives and distributes digital and analog snow, ice, and soil wet data.
Fourth dimension series of global snow cover from NASA's World Observatory.

Body of water Level Rise

Global ocean level rose most 8 inches (20 centimeters) in the concluding century. The charge per unit in the last two decades, all the same, is nigh double that of the final century and accelerating slightly every year.¹⁰

Prototype: Commonwealth of Maldives: Vulnerable to body of water level rising

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An indicator of current global body of water level as measured by satellites, updated monthly.
Test your knowledge of sea level rise with this interactive quiz.

Failing Arctic Body of water Ice

Both the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly over the last several decades.¹¹

Epitome: Visualization of the 2012 Chill sea ice minimum, the lowest on record

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An indicator of changes in the Arctic sea water ice minimum over time. Arctic sea ice extent both affects and is affected past global climatic change.
An interactive exploration of how global warming is affecting sea water ice, glaciers, and continental water ice sheets worldwide.
NASA's Functioning IceBridge imaged World'southward polar ice in unprecedented detail to better understand processes that connect the polar regions with the global climate arrangement.

Extreme Events

The number of record high temperature events in the The states has been increasing, while the number of record low temperature events has been decreasing, since 1950. The U.Southward. has also witnessed increasing numbers of intense rainfall events.¹²

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The official website for NASA's fleet of Earth scientific discipline missions that study rainfall and other types precipitation around the globe.
Earth's water is stored in ice and snow, lakes and rivers, the temper and the ocean. How much practice you know about how water is cycled around our planet and the crucial role information technology plays in our climate?

Body of water Acidification

Since the kickoff of the Industrial Revolution, the acerbity of surface sea waters has increased by nigh 30%.^xiii, ^fourteen This increment is the result of humans emitting more than carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and hence more beingness absorbed into the ocean. The bounding main has absorbed between twenty% and 30% of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions in contempo decades (vii.2 to 10.eight billion metric tons per yr).^fifteen,xvi

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Graphic well-nigh how increased greenhouse gases from human activities issue in climate alter and bounding main acidification.
NOAA page on ocean acidification.

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